Essay on Psychology The Mozart Effect - 1332 Words

Psychology is a formative science that has led to revolutionary discoveries as to how the human brain functions, develops and in some instances, can be enhanced. Although these fundamental objectives are a valuable resource within our community, it is vital that they are of verity and can be replicated; if not they are redundant to the field. Unfortunately, due to its youth, psychological science does not have a strict system of checks and balances to ensure that remittance procedures can consistently be undertaken for false claims. To this end, this essay will evaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has†¦show more content†¦This an area of the brain, associated with cognitive arousal and complex visual transformation processes involved with mental rotation of three-dimensional shapes and similar difficult spatial tasks (Chabris, C. 1999 ). Thus extrapolating that the Mozart effect does not ‘make babies smarter’, it only marginally improves a participant’s spatial intellect immediately after music stimuli. This collaboration of studies provides a broad scope of multiple findings which can account for any anomalies or outliers within individual study findings, however it also inhibits specificity of the results as there is no control of experimental procedures. Further limitations are the varying ages of participants and measurement of results. Ultimately, however, this meta-analysis significantly indicates that even if listening to Mozart was an effective cognitive enhancement, the benefits would only have a moderate effect of a short duration. A more detailed study supported this meta-analysis via its focus on child development and the lack of validity and longevity with the Mozart effect. Dubbing the Mozart effect â€Å"another quick fix† it concluded that Mozart, whether played to or ta ught to children does not exhibit any long term benefits for cognition (Jones, S. 2002). Although the original study (Rauscher, F., Shaw, G., Ky, K.Show MoreRelatedClassical Music: The Mozart Effect Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart effect is a phenomena whereby listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music, a person’s spatial IQ is boosted by 8-9 points (on the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale), in comparison to listening to ten minutes of a relaxation tape or silence (Rauscher, Shaw and Ky, 1993). This literature review critically assesses the key works and concepts concerning the Mozart effect, specifically its methodologies, its limits, and finally, alternative theories. While some academics argue that ‘listening to MozartRead MoreDoes Playing Mozart to Babies Make Them Smarter? Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart Effect Resource Centre website, music educator Don Campbell made the claim that â€Å"classical music has a powerful effect on the intellectual and creative development of children from the very youngest of ages.† (Campbell , n.d.). To critically evaluate this claim a number of sources have been analysed. Through this analysis it was found that the claim cannot be supported by reliable empirical research and that classical music only produces short-term cognitive enhancement. This effect canRead MoreDerogatory Music s Effects On Overall Mood And Test Performance1160 Words   |  5 Pages Derogatory Music’s Effects on Overall Mood and Test Performance Rebecca Smith Arcadia University Derogatory Music’s Effects on Overall Mood and Test Performance We believe that music with certain messages can have an effect on mood states. In this experiment we will be looking at how derogatory music will affect the mood state and test performance of women. We believe that music that has sexist themes will result in low mood states and test results of the females in that conditionRead MoreThe Mozart Effect Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesIt has long been believed that music can evoke specific thoughts and feelings from the listener. But can music –specifically the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- summon hidden intelligences within the human brain? That is the question scientists are trying to answer. In the mid-nineties, scientists, Frances Rauscher, Gordon Shaw and Katherine Ky, claimed that music could boost the listener’s intelligence up to 9 points (Steele 2). To many, this allegation seemed a bit far-fetched and soon otherRead MoreMozart Effect And Its Effect On Mental Development1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Idea of the Mozart effect came at a time when scientists were trying to merge the aspect of psychology (the science of the mind), and neuroscience (the science of the brain). Scientists felt that music plays a major role in the learning and thinking processes (â€Å"The Mozart Effect†). The Mozart effect refers to the resultant enhanced mental performance that arises when one listens to Mozart’s music. It is suggested that listening to Mozart makes one smarter by improving their spatial intelligenceRead MoreMozart Effect Field Research1740 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Mozart Effect Field Research PSYCH/600 Diana Slade September 30, 2013 Dr. Debra Jennings Mozart Effect Field Research Many parents have come to believe that music, especially classical music played during pregnancy or in the nursery of their newborns would make their precious bundle of joy smarter. Is there science to prove that this is true, or is it just a quick way to sale books, cd, and videos’. The Mozart Effect drove expectant mothersRead MoreMozart Effect1414 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Mozart Effect† The Mozart effect has two general definitions. Firstly, it is a set of research results that indicate that listening to Mozarts music may induce a short-term improvement on the performance of certain kinds of mental tasks known as spatial-temporal reasoning. And also it is popularized versions of the theory, which suggest that listening to Mozart makes you smarter, or that early childhood exposure to classical music has a beneficial effect on mental development. The termRead MoreMusic As A Universal Experience1375 Words   |  6 Pages This experiment was inspired by the Mozart effect work. For those who are unaware, the Mozart effect can refer to: listening to Mozart during study or learning to help enhance the short term or spatial learning. There have been many books and studies done on this theory. In one study done by J S Jenkins it was concluded that: The original experiments on adults exposed to Mozart s music were of short duration only. In related experiments, long-term effects of music were studied in groups of pre-schoolRead MoreMusic Makes Children Smarter : Music Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagessubjects. Universities have concluded that a specific part of our brain had a major role that can progress to become intellectual when exposed to classical music, and later on, was exposed to another conclusion, that classical music, only has rapid effect in specific amount of time. Professors and theorists dispute with disagreement that listening to classical music is uncertain and does not necessarily make pe ople smarter. Listening to other music other than classical, however, was proven to be moreRead MoreGrit Vs. Iq : Cognitive Development Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesGrit vs IQ: Essentiality Towards Cognitive Development Cognitive development can be defined as a field of study in  neuroscience  and  psychology revolving around the growth of the brain (Schacter Woods 2009). This development is the evolution of skills such as, information processing, perceptual skills, conceptual resourcing, language knowledge and other brain development traits (ibid). Passion and determination towards long term goals (otherwise known as ‘grit’) are parts of cognitive

The Longstanding Institution of Slavery in the United...

Slavery, as an institution, has existed since the dawn of civilization. However, by the fifteenth century, slavery in Northern Europe was almost nonexistent. Nevertheless, with the discovery of the New World, the English experienced a shortage of laborers to work the lands they claimed. The English tried to enslave the natives, but they resisted and were usually successful in escaping. Furthermore, with the decline of indentured servants, the Europeans looked elsewhere for laborers. It is then, within the British colonies, do the colonists turn to the enslavement of Africans. Although Native Americans were readily available and were initially numerous, Africans became the primary slave used in the colonies because the Native American†¦show more content†¦Diseases that Europeans had built immunity to, quickly ravaged Indian communities, killing as many as ninety percent of the natives. In addition, the harsh working conditions set by the owners furthered killed many of the na tive slaves. Furthermore, when traders provoked Indian wars to obtain more slaves, the conflict would often spread to nearby English settlements, discouraging the enslavement of Indians. Unlike the African slaves, the Indians were more likely to try and escape because they could disappear to their tribal lands more easily. Also, Native American men were generally raised to be hunters and considered agriculture to be womens work, so they were not much use for field labor. With a dwindling population, Native Americans could not fulfill the numbers needed to work the plantations. As a result, although the Native American slave trade persisted into the eighteenth century, by 1700 it was overshadowed and replaced by the African slave trade. As the population in England began to level off after 1670, there was a reduced number of people who were desperate enough to become indentured servants. Furthermore, most of the indentured servants who were involved in the early colonization finished their contract. With the declination of indentured servants, the colonists turned to African slaves as a source of labor. Unlike the Native Americans, the Africans were easier to acquire as slaves due to the preexisting African slave trade. In 1698, when ParliamentShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny, Slavery, and the Breakdown of the Union1246 Words   |  5 PagesManifest Destiny is a phrase that expressed the belief that the United States had a divinely inspired mission to expand, spreading its form of democracy and freedom.The phrase Manifest Destiny was first used primarily by Jackson Democrats in the 1840s to promote the annexation of much of what is now the Western United States (the Oregon Territory, the Texas Annexation, and the Mexican Cession). Slavery, the exploitation of Africans for hard labor, was also growing vastly in popularity duringRead MoreThe California State University, Fullerton ( Csuf )1150 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as institutions of higher learning are a go od place to observe the use of language because they epitomize social learning environments where people from different cultures interact linguistically. The California State University, Fullerton (CSUF) is renowned for its creative arts programs, sporting prowess, and cultural diversity among the student population. Interestingly, the student community at (CSUF) predominated by ethnic groups that are considered minorities in the united states, namelyRead MoreHow Compromises Failed to Prevent the Civil War1726 Words   |  7 Pagesissues of slavery and states’ rights, numerous compromises were proposed to ease the conflict. Such compromises included the Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Crittenden Compromise. These compromises had intentions of defining where slavery was permitted and clarifying states’ rights. They were only temporary fixes to a more pressing issue. Between the Missouri Compromise and the Crittenden Compromise, a series of events changed the political atmosphere of the United States and preventedRead MoreEssay on Reconstruction in the South1262 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipate in Am ericas society and culture. However, racism denied them the privileges of the American citizen. Although they were no longer slaves, they were still considered to be savages, unintelligent, and the lowest class of person in the United States. Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. The Proclamation set the American slave population free. However, it did not indicate how new Black citizens would be incorporated into the free society. Emancipation would redefineRead MoreThe Exploitation Of Black Labor Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pagesallocation of right to valuable resources between and among entities or individuals. In Whiteness As Property, Harris stated that the origins of property rights in the United States are rooted in racial domination, specifically by whites. Cheryl Harris, Whiteness As Property, 106 Harv. L. Rev. 1707, 1715 (1992-1993). Harris states, possession - the act necessary to lay the basis for rights in property - was defined to include only the cultural practices of whites. Id. at 1721. This definition laidRead MoreSlavery Of The Black Spirit By Michael Craton1959 Words   |  8 PagesSlavery in Anglo-America, the British West Indies and the United States, endured for hundreds of y ears. However, as time progressed, economic, and social realities gradually decreased the feasibility of the institution. Examining Michael Craton’s book, Testing the Chains, and other resources, we are able to see that although outright rebellion and violence were sometimes used by slaves, religion, politics, and anti-slavery propaganda, also worked to slacken the chains, leading to complete emancipationRead MoreColonization and Conflict in the South, 1600-1750 Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pagesin mind, so too the native Indians of that region pursued their own aims and interests. They had recently been consolidated by the weroance (or chief), Powhatan, into a powerful confederacy. Powhatan used the English newcomers to advance his own longstanding objectives. Although he considered the colonists a nuisance, Powhatan welcomed trade goods and English weapons as a means to consolidate his political authority and to fend off challenges from the Piedmont tribes. The future of the English settlersRead MoreProfitability of Slavery1891 Words   |  8 PagesA. Plan of Investigation To what extent was slavery profitable? Research Question: To what extent was slavery profitable? Scope: This paper will focus primarily on the profitability of slave labor and the role that slavery possessed on the South’s economic growth in the Antebellum time period It will refer to economic profitability of slavery as a system rather than an individual business discussing factors such as the prices of slave and cotton prices at the time, the labor output of the slavesRead MoreU.S. History 1865 to 1945 Worksheet Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pages southern states into the union, redistribute southern lands, or resettle former slaves. In the end Wade-Davis Plan Benjamin Wade Henry Winter Davis Congress 1863-1864 Pocket Veto Congressional Republicans thought that Lincoln’s ten percent plan was too mild and created a bill that had a better sense of direction in readmitting southern states into the union. Johnson’sRead MoreEssay about Causes of The American Civil War2132 Words   |  9 Pagessecession of seven â€Å"cotton states† from the Union. The end of the Mexican-American War in 1848, the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott Decision of 1857, John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859, and the outcome of the Presidential Election of 1860 all helped contribute to southern secession and the start of the Civil War; they each caused conditions that either strengthened the abolitionist cause, strengthened the pro-slavery cause, or strengthened

Thesis Statement and Purpose

Question: Discuss about the Thesis Statement and Purpose. Answer: Thesis statement and purpose The thesis statement states- developing a physical fitness program in the hometown. Erwin is planning on developing a youth physical fitness program as it will keep kids active and help them in leading a healthy lifestyle. There are great arguments related to the feasibility of such programs. Moreover, the analysis of different articles will make it clear that it is beneficial for youth and parents should send their children to such programs. The annotation included for the topic will further develop the thesis statement and also address the challenges to the issue. Annotated bibliography Shaya, F., Flores, D., Gbarayor, C., Wang, J. (2008). School-Based Obesity Interventions: A Literature Review.J School Health,78(4), 189-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00285.x This annotation focused on intervention conducted in a school setting to effectively manage obesity in children. The purpose was to minimize risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease in adults. The study analyzed school-based obesity intervention with anthropometric measures in children and adults between 7 to 19 years of age. It was reviewed by duration, type of intervention and qualitative and quantitative measures. The duration of intervention ranged from 4 weeks to 8 years. It was found that among different intervention studies, some utilized physical activity program, others used educational model and behavior change strategy and some used both for obesity management. Few studies were based on measuring the quantitative variable like body mass and waist-to-hip ratio to determine the efficacy of intervention program. Some utilized both quantitative and qualitative measures like attitude towards physical activity, cardiovascular health and knowledge of nutrition. The above articl e supports the thesis statement and further develops it by giving idea as to how physical fitness programs reduce obesity and other diseases. Schuna Jr, J. M., Lauersdorf, R. L., Behrens, T. K., Liguori, G., Liebert, M. L. (2013). An objective assessment of children's physical activity during the Keep It Moving! after-school program.Journal of school health,83(2), 105-111. One article described the analysis of after school programs to help increase physical activity level in children. It emphasized on attracting children and parents in such programs; it is necessary to be clear about the perception of such program. If both child and parent are interested then physical activity practitioners can easily increase physical activity in children. In such cases children can enjoy the program and benefit too. A Keep it moving after-school program was designed to survey children in Colorado. It was found that most parents regarded the program as useful to improve physical activity level in their children. Feedbacks were also taken from parents and children. This gave great insight into necessary changes in the program to make it more beneficial for children. Physical activity practitioners can accordingly consider the choice of activities to include in after-school programs. This article supports the thesis statement as it states that interest of both parents a nd child is necessary for increasing physical activity. Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., Myer, G. D. (2013). Youth resistance training: past practices, new perspectives, and future directions.Pediatr Exerc Sci,25(4), 591-604. This article is focused on past practices, new perspective and future direction on physical activity development in youths. Previous evidence has shown that physical activity training is beneficial for proper development of children and adolescents. New and long-term approach demonstrated that integrating resistance training in youth fitness program is beneficial for the positive physical development of youth. It is seen that when people do not enhance their muscular strength and motor skill early in life, they will not be able to participate in sports and other activities with confidence and vigor later in life. To develop a proper management plan, identification of symptomatic children with muscular weakness is necessary. This will help in developing a management plan that rectifies movement limitation in individuals and educates them about the importance of physical activity in life. It is seen that children are not active as they should be, and it is recommended that at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day is essential in life. Therefore while designing physical activity intervention, time spent in MVPA, dose-response and quality of movement experienced needs to be considered. This article develops the thesis statement by stating what factors to consider while designing physical activity programs. Forneris, T., Whitley, M. A., Barker, B. (2013). The reality of implementing community-based sport and physical activity programs to enhance the development of underserved youth: Challenges and potential strategies.Quest,65(3), 313-331. The entire above article was focused on benefits of physical activity program, but this article concentrates on the misconception and challenges associated with physical activity program. All community-based sports and physical activity program is for positive youth development in the community. One of the biggest challenges related to these programs is its sustainability. This article studied experience of sustainability of physical activity programs using youth development approach in underdeveloped communities. The problems that challenge sustainability of such programs are poor development strategy, a weak relationship between community partners, unsecured funding and ineffective knowledge transfer. Therefore, there should be strategies to overcome the challenges like proper planning, recruitment, evaluation and capacity building. Thus, this article made people aware of the sustainability of youth development program and so Erwin should identify those factors that challenge susta inability issue. Discussion After the analysis of all annotations, it can be concluded that it has supported students argument for change. The article supported the students view for change by stating that it prevents obesity and chronic diseases, improved childrens capability of exercise and motor skills. It also suggested ways of implementing physical activity model in the future and what factors to look for during its designing. It also gave detail on challenges with the issue. The annotated source has been useful for supporting the students thesis statement and driving them for change in the community. Reference Schuna Jr, J., Lauersdorf, R., Behrens, T., Liguori, G., Liebert, M. (2013). An Objective Assessment of Children's Physical Activity During the Keep It Moving! After-School Program.J School Health,83(2), 105-111. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/josh.12005 The Reality of Evaluating Community-Based Sport and Physical Activity Programs to Enhance the Development of Underserved Youth: Challenges and Potential Strategies. (2016).Quest. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00336297.2013.872043#.V3Nw-kt97IU Shaya, F., Flores, D., Gbarayor, C., Wang, J. (2008). School-Based Obesity Interventions: A Literature Review.J School Health,78(4), 189-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00285.x (2016). Retrieved 29 June 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Avery_Faigenbaum/publication/258431143_Youth_resistance_training_Past_practices_new_perspectives_and_future_directions/links/554373ad0cf234bdb21b26c2.pdf

Theoretical Background on Spending Habits Essay Example

Theoretical Background on Spending Habits Paper Students all over the world spend in several different ways, but close market research on student spending indicates that there are several common patterns that can be seen. Spending habits in adolescents is changing drastically in the last few years, but that change is almost uniform in all the metros of the world. Commercialization has begun targeting students spending habits a very long time ago. IFIM Students Lifestyle and Spending Habits , 2009) According to a study conducted by a bank and financial institution, youths fork over money to buy cellphone load, to play computer games at Internet cafes and to buy cigarettes and alcohol. They also spend money on going out and on clothes and accessories. (TJ Manotoc, ABS-CBN News, 2010) Teens hang out and shop. Teens are active consumers in terms of the money they spend, as well as in the influence they wield in their families and on societal trends. Despite being raised in a period of rapid change, they display a remarkable self-confidence in their judgment. (Tempo, 2010) A lot of the number of students seem to wants what is the â€Å"in† trend, what people are doing or using â€Å"right now†. Most teens will usually have one or two sources of income, either allowance from their parents or a job. The answer to this question isnt found by looking at the income of the family or social status, its more a way of living and rearing that the parents have given their children. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Background on Spending Habits specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Background on Spending Habits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Background on Spending Habits specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Felipe, 2007) â€Å"Despite the Filipino teens’ having limited budget to spend, low price does not necessarily make any brand a shoo-in for their patronage,† explained Ming Barcelona, TNS Philippines Associate Research Director. â€Å"The TRU study reminds us the mindsets, preferences and purchasing habits of Filipino teens, whether on brand values, the latest product offerings, or on values and social issues should not be ignored,† added Gary de Ocampo, TNS Philippines Managing Director.